THE DEGREE OF COMPARISONS ( PERBANDINGAN )

The Degree of Comparisons

(Tingkat Perbandingan)

Dalam bahasa Inggris ada 3 macam tingkat perbandingan yang dapat dibuat dengan adjective yaitu :

1.    The positive degree (tingkat biasa)

2.    The comparative degree (tingkat lebih)

3.    The superlative degree (tingkat paling / ter)

Aturan meembuat tingkat perbandingan :

A.  Penambahan ER untuk tingkat comparative (lebih) dan EST untuk tingkat superlative (paling) digunakan bila :

1.    Kata sifat yang memiliki satu suku kata (one syllable).

cheap	cheaper	cheapest	murah
short	shorter	shortest	pendek
rich	richer	richest	kaya
great	greater	greatest	besar

2.    Kata sifat yang terdiri dari dua suku kata yang tekanan suara jatuh pada suku kata kedua.

polite	politer	politest	sopan
impolite	impoliter	impolitest	tidak sopan
sincere	sincerer	sincerest	tulus

3.    Kata sifat yang berakhiran dengan huruf mati dan didahului dengan huruf hidup, maka huru mati (konsonan) terakhir ditulis double (ganda).

big	bigger	biggest	besar
fat	fatter	fattest	gemuk
sad	sadder	saddest	sedih
glad	gladder	gladdest	gembira
thin	thinner	thinnest	kurus
wet	wetter	wettest	basah
slim	slimmer	slimmest	langsing

4.    Kata sifat yang berakhiran dengan huruf “y” dan sebelum “y” huruf mati, maka huru “y” ditukar menjadi “i” sebelum ditambah ER dan EST.

pretty	prettier	prettyiest	cantik
dry	drier	driest	kering
holy	holier	holiest	suci
heavy	heavier	heaviest	berat
dizzy	dizzier	dizziest	pusing
lazy	lazier	laziest	malas

5.    Sebelum huruf “y” berupa huruf hidup cukup ditambah ER dan EST.

gay	gayer	gayest	gembira
gray	grayer	grayest	kelabu
large	larger	largest	luas
able	abler	ablest	dapat
strange	stranger	strangest	asing

Pengecualian :

pleased	more pleased	most pleased
tired	more tired	most tired
fond	more fond	most fond

B.  Pemakaian MORE dan MOST di depan kata sifat sebagai berikut :

1.    Kata sifat yang terdiri dari 3 suku kata atau lebih.

beautiful	more beautiful	most beautiful
difficult	more difficult	most difficult
careful	more careful	most careful
diligent	more diligent	most diligent
expensive	more expensive	most expensive

2.    Kata sifat yang terdiri dari 2 suku kata dengan tekanan suara jatuh pada suku kata pertama.

modern	more modern	most modern
famous	more famous	most famous
modest	more modest	most modest
perfect	more perfect	most perfect

3.    Tingkat perbandingan yang tidak beraturan.

Good	better	Best
Bad (ill)	Worse	worst
fOre (depan)	Former	Foremost, first
Hind (belakang)	hinder	Handmost
Late	Later/latter	Latest/last
Little	Smaller	Least
Much	More	Most
Many	More	Most
Nigh (hamper/dekat)	Nigher	Neigher, next
Old	Older/eldest	Oldest, eldest
near	nearer	Nearest, next

positive	comparative	superlative
(adverb)	(adjective)	(adjective)
for	further	further
far	farther	farther
in	inner	innermost/ inmost
out	outer/ utter	uttermost/ utmost
beneath(bawah)	nether	nethermost
up	upper	uppermost

Keterangan ;

1. farther and further ; yang artinya sama jarak menurut British English.

    Father artinya jarak menurut Amerika English.

    Further artinya juga bisa, tambahan, lebih lanjut.

    Further; contoh

    a. do you have any  further statement to make?

    b. for further information, ask your techer!

2. older, oldest ; dapat untuk orang dan benda.

   Contoh ;

    a. that is one of the oldest course in pare.

    b. ali is older than me.

   Elder, eldest ; tannya berlaku untuk orang.

   Contoh :

a. she is the eldest of the five sisters.

b. she is elder of my two daughters.;

c. his eldest son is a police man.

Elder tidak dapat diikuti “ THAN”

4.    Kata sifat yang tidak bisa dibandingkan.

absolute	Pregnant
alone	Primary
blind	Around
correct	Single
dead	Straight
empty	Supreme
equal	Square
over lasting	Unique
fatal	Universal
final	Vertical
full	Wrong
Mortal	Right
perfect	Just

5.    Kata sifat yang menyatakan tingkat.

Senior	junior
Anterior	Posterior
Superior	Inferior
prior

Selalu diikuti dengan “to” di belakangnya.

Contoh :

a. he is senior to me.

b. I amjunior to him.

Tambahan :

Kata sifat yang berakhir ER, LE, OW, some and “y” dari suku kata.

clever	cleverer	cleverest	Pandai
simple	simpler	simplest	sederhana
shallow	shallower	shallowest	dangkal
handsome	handsomer	handsomest	ganteng

Pemakaian degree of comparasions :

1. bentuk positive degree.

    Pola :

  

Subj. verb + as + adjective + as + noun/ pronoun

Contoh :

a. Nano as diligent as Rina.      

b. Nano studies as diligent as Rina.

c. she is a pretty as her sister.

d. This book is a s good as that one.

e. my mother is as patient as my mother.

2. Bentuk comparative degree.

    Pola :

Subj. + adjective + er     + than + noun/pronoun More + adjective Less + adjective
Contoh :       a. she is cleverer than he.       b. he is more diligent than I.       c. I am more diligent than you.       d. he runs faster than he.       e. she works careful than I.       1. subj. + verb + far/ much + adjective + than + noun/ pronoun 2. subj. + verb + far/ much + more + adjective + than + noun/ pronoun Contoh : a. my car is far better than yours. b. Her car is more expensive than yours. c. fitri is far more beautiful than intan. Note : Bentuk ini untuk lebih menyengatkan arti pada perbandingan tersebut.
3. Bentuk Comparative tanpa menggunakan “than”     Pola :  1. Subj. verb + the + comparative + of the two + noun  2. of the two + noun + subj. + verb + the + comparative Contoh : a. Hasan is the smarter of the two boys. b. cahaya is the more beautiful of the two ladies. c. of the two boys, hasan is the smarter. d. of the two dresses, this dress is the more expensive. 4. Menggunakan harder and harder, better and better, more and more.     Contoh :     1. Your English is getting better and better.     2. It is becoming harder and harder to find a job.     3. These days more and more people are learning English. 5. Menggunakan susunan.                The + comparative + the better           Contoh : 1. The sooner the better. 2. The bigger the better. 3. The more carefull the better. 4. The cheaper the better. 5. The longer the better. 6. Menggunakan susunan : The + comparative + statement/noun + the +          comparative + statement/noun

            Contoh :

             1. The earlier we leave, the sooner we will arrive.

             2. The warmer the weather, the better I fell.

             3. The more you have, the more you want.

     

           3. Bentuk superlative Degree.

            Pola :

1.       

Subj.+ verb + the +	Adjective + est Most + adjective Last + adjective	+	­­­­­ in of	+ singular count/noun
				+ plural count/noun

Contoh :

             a. She is the most diligent student in the class is Nizar.

b. These shoes are the least expensive of all.

c. This is the most interesting film that I had ever watched before.

d. This is the happiest day of my live.

e. Jono is the tallest boy in my family.

2.  One of the + superlative + plural noun

Contoh :

a. One of the most diligent students in the class.

b. One of the biggest islands in Indonesia is Kalimantan.

c. Of the four dresses, I like the red one best.

d. Of the five students, Anton is the cleverest one.

e. One of the biggest oil producers in the world is Kuwait.

Tingkat Perbandingan Adverb

1. The positive degrees.

2. The comparative degrees.

3. The superlative degrees.

Penggunaan dalam kalimat.

A. Positive Degrees.

Contoh:

1. His car runs as fast as a race car.

2. Rina rings as well as her sister.

3. Budi speaks English as fluently as Intan.

B. Comparative Degrees.

Contoh:

1. He speaks English more fluently than I.

2. I get up earlier than you.

3. He speaks English much more rapidly than she.

4. Of the two boys, Jhon behaves the more politely.

C. Superlative Degrees.

Contoh:

1. That child behaves more carelessly of all.

2. Of the three boys, Budi behaves the most politely.

3. One of the four students, Hasan comes to the class the most diligently.