PASSIVE VOICE

PASSIVE VOICE

     (Kalimat Pasif)

Sebuah kalimat dapat berbentuk kalimat Aktif yang subyeknya melakukan pekerjaan atau kalimat pasif  yang subyeknya yang dikenai pekerjaan.

Beberapa cara untuk membuat kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif :

1.    Kalimat harus mempunyai obyek. Jika tidak ada, obyek harus ada kata tanya yang menanyakan obyek.

2.    Meletakkan obyek kalimat aktif menjadi subyek kalimat pasif.

3.    Meletakkan subyek kalimat aktif menjadi obyek kalimat pasif setelah kata “by”

4.    Menggunakan kata kerja (verb) bentuk ketiga (past participle) setelah to be (is, am, are, was, were, be, been, being).

5.    Aturan kalimat menurut tense-nya

A.    PRESENT PASSIVE VOICE

a.    Simple Present Tense

S + is/am/are + verb 3 + by + O

b.    Present Continuous Tense

S + is/am/are + being + verb 3 + by + O

c.    Present Perfect Tense

S + have/has + been + verb 3 + by +O

d.    Present Perfect Continuous Tense

 S + have/has + been + being + verb III + by + O

B.     PAST PASSIVE VOICE

a.    Simple Past  Tense

S + was/were + verb 3 + by + O

b.    Past Continuous Tense

S + was/were + being + verb 3 + by + O

c.    Past Perfect Tense

S + had + been + verb 3 + by +O

d.    Past Perfect Continuous Tense

S + had + been + being + verb 3 + by + O

C.     FUTURE PASSIVE VOICE

a.    Simple Future  Tense

S + shall/will + be + verb 3 + by + O

b.    Future Continuous Tense

S + shall/will + be + being + verb 3 + by + O

c.    Future Perfect Tense

S + shall/will + have + been + verb 3 + by +O

d.    Future Perfect Continuous Tense

S + shall/will + have + been + being + verb 3 + by + O

D.    PAST FUTURE PASSIVE VOICE

a.    Simple Past Future  Tense

S + should/would + be + verb 3 + by + O

b.    Past Future Continuous Tense

S + should/would + be + being + verb 3 + by + O

c.    Past Future Perfect Tense

S + should/would + have + been + verb 3 + by +O

d.    Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

S + should/would + have + been + being + verb 3 + by + O

E.     MODAL PASSIVE VOICE

ACTIVE	PASSIVE
a.    Can b.    Could c.    May d.   Might e.    Must f.     Have / has to g.    Had to h.    Ought to	a.    Can be + Verb-3 b.    Could be + Verb-3 c.    May be + Verb-3 d.   Might be + Verb-3 e.    Must be + Verb-3 f.     Have / has to be + Verb-3 g.    Had to be + Verb-3 h.    Ought to be + Verb-3

F.      MODAL PASSIVE VOICE

ACTIVE	PASSIVE
a.     Ought to have + Verb-3 b.     Should have + Verb-3 c.     Would have + Verb-3 d.    Could have + Verb-3 e.     May have + Verb-3 f.      Must have + Verb-3	a.   Ought to have + been + Verb-3 b.  Should have + been + Verb-3 c.   Would have + been + Verb-3 d.  Could have + been + Verb-3 e.   May have + been + Verb-3 f.   Must have + been + Verb-3

Contoh :          A : AKTIVE               P : PASSIVE

1.	A : Mita writes a letter. B : A letter is written by Mita,
2.	A : Mita is writing a letter. B : A letter is being written by Mita.
3.	A : Mita has not written a letter. B : A letter has not been written by Mita.
	A : Mita wrote a letter. B : A letter was written by Mita.
5.	A : Mita was writing a letter. B :A letter was being written by Mita.
6.	A : Mita had written a letter. B : A letter had been written by Mita.
7.	A :Mita will write a letter. B :A letter will be written by Mita.
8.	A :Mita would write a letter. B :A letter would be written by Mita.
9.	A :Mita must write a letter. B :A letter would be written by Mita.
10.	A :mita must have written a letter. B :A letter must have been written by Mita.

Menggunakan kata Tanya.

a.    Who à menjadi Whom / Who ………….by dalam kalimat pasifnya.

b.    Whom à menjadi Who ………….. dalam kalimat pasifnya.

Contoh :

A : Who is calling her?

P : Whom is she being called by ? atau

     Who is she calling called by?

A : Whom is she calling ?

P : Who is being called by her ?

C.apabila dalam kalimat aktif yang ditanyakan subyeknyaà dalam kalimat

Pasif harus selalu diikuti oleh kata “by”

Contoh:

A : What is hunting her?

P : What is she being hunted  by?

A : What can kill the rat?

P : What can the rat be killed by ?

Mereka yang jarang ditulis dalam pasifnya :

Someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, every one, everybody, people.

Contoh :

A : someone calls me

P : I am called

A : somebody is teaching me English.

P : English is being taught me

A : did anybody visit you  last night ?

P : were you visited me last night ?